Artículos, reseñas, entrevistas, divagaciones, ensayos… Es decir, mis textos.
8 ene 2013
La Ausencia del Comandante
24 nov 2011
Náusea revolucionaria

Por Miguel Molina Díaz
Era el 19 de julio de 1979 y las columnas guerrilleras del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional entraban a Managua. Su ingreso a la plaza principal de la ciudad estuvo acompañado de la población y una alegría que desbordaba los corazones. La perversa Dinastía Somoza estaba caída y su fetidez era limpiada por una nueva brisa: la Revolución Sandinista.
Treinta años más tarde, esos mismos jóvenes que ilusionaron a todo el continente, siguen en el poder. Daniel Ortega, el héroe revolucionario, acaba de ser reelecto presidente de Nicaragua, tal como lo hizo en el 2006. El caso de Zoilamérica Narváez ha quedado olvidado: la hijastra del Presidente lo acusó de haber abusado sexualmente de ella por más de veinte años, con el pretexto de la revolución.
Peter Torbiörnsson, periodista sueco y ex simpatizante del sandinismo, relata un curioso suceso revolucionario en el documental ‘Last Chapter. Good Bye Nicaragua’. El 30 de mayo de 1984, explotó una bomba en una conferencia de prensa en La Penca, frontera de Nicaragua y Costa Rica. El atentado cobró la vida de 7 periodistas y 22 resultaron gravemente heridos. Ese día Torbiörnsson aceptó, a petición del Ministerio de Interior, la compañía de un supuesto fotógrafo danés, quien resultó ser el terrorista que activó la bomba.
Con la intención de limpiar su conciencia Torbiörnsson regresa a Nicaragua a denunciar a los culpables: líderes emblemáticos del sandinismo. El proceso judicial que Torbiörnsson inicia, pronto sería marginado por los funcionarios judiciales. Al fin y al cabo, los acusados son mártires y el deber de la patria es protegerlos.
A su regreso Torbiörnsson se encuentra con viejos amigos, aquellos que se habían enamorado del espíritu revolucionario de Ortega en los años 80. Todos estaban pobres y planeaban migrar a otro país. Lejos de Ortega.
Con el paso del tiempo, la revolución se convirtió en el pretexto del poder. No quedan ideales sino delitos por ocultar. Pero todo lo justifica la revolución, incluso las violaciones sexuales. Ortega controla a los jueces y dispone de las leyes a su antojo en el Legislativo. Su política internacional es impresentable: Nicaragua ofreció asilo político al, hace poco extinto, dictador Muamar el Gadafi. (Pero estas son cosas de Ortega, cualquier parecido es pura coincidencia).
Al final del día los dictadores se deben dar la mano. Por eso fundan alianzas de cooperación con nombre de brisa, ¿cómo se llama el organismo?, ¿aurora?, ¿neblina?, ¿alba? Son caudillos excéntricos y fiesteros, jamás comprenderán el daño que le hacen a la historia cuando prostituyen las revoluciones.
Si todavía existiese el realismo mágico, talvez, convendría escribir una novela sobre Ortega y sus amigos, pero sobre todo, sobre su fetiche afrodisiaco: el poder.
22 abr 2010
- SOCIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA

The socialist ideal also appeared in Latin America. Although our continent was not an industrial territory, the great differences and inequalities between the rich and the poor built the material conditions to accept the necessity of the revolution. January 1st, 1959, was the day of the triumph of the Cuban Revolution that after years of fighting came to power under the leadership of Fidel Castro and the legendary Ernesto Che Guevara. After the United States refused to accept Fidel Castro as the official president of Cuba, in 1962, Castro turned his eyes to the Soviet Union, a fact that lead to the Missile Crisis in which the world reached its most dangerous moment of the so-called Cold War, after which the USA declared the embargo that lasts to our days. From 1962 to the beginning of the 90’s, when the USSR disappeared, Cuba maintained all kinds of cooperation agreements with the USSR, including assistance in security, health and production, which were essentially economic agreements. During this relation, the main achievements of the Cuban Revolution were its education and health systems, especially devoted to children. In two years, Cuba became one of the few illiteracy-free countries. But after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Cuba stopped receiving the average yearly amount of 6 billion dollars and Cubans no longer had basic products for their daily survival. This, together with the US embargo, impoverished even more the Cuban population. In June 2006, Fidel Castro made a provisional transfer of the power to his brother Raul, and has never taken back the power since then. At present, the high number of people who have fled the island, the lack of food, the weak economic system, and hundreds of complaints of oppression, lack of democracy, and the lack of transparency in providing the true situation have made people doubt about the success of the revolution.
Another example of a socialist government in Latin America was Chile, where socialist President Salvador Allende came to power after winning the elections in 1970, after being defeated in 3 previous attempt. The workers’ government headed by Allende nationalized the mineral resources and the monopolist companies, and immediately sped up the agrarian reform. In addition, President Allende started a plan to redistribute income, increase salaries, and control prices to fight speculation. Opposition against Allende was strong and supported by the USA. The difficult situation led to an unmanageable economic crisis which, together with the strong opposition working together with the CIA (something which was discovered in recent years), ended up in the sad events of September 11th, 1973, when the Army, conducted by general Augusto Pinochet, destroyed Allende’s government and caused his death. In President Allende’s last speech, few hours before his death, he said: “Other men will surpass this darkness and painful moment in which treason attempts to be imposed. You have to continue knowing that, sooner than later, the great poplar groves through which the free man is going to pass are going to be opened again to build a better society. ¡Long live Chile! ¡Long live the people! ¡Long live the workers!” From 1973 to 1998, Augusto Pinochet ruled as a dictator who killed, tortured, or disappeared 100 000 people. Besides these crimes against mankind, Pinochet and his family have been accused of corruption with millions of dollars in Swiss banks. Pinochet died without being sentenced.
The Sandinista Revolution of Nicaragua was also a call to expand the left ideas in Latin America. The dictatorship of the Somoza Dynasty (1937-1979) increased poverty and corruption to extreme limits and this led, 42 years later, to the creation of the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (“FSLN”), which took power in Nicaragua in 1979. (The Front took the name from Augusto Sandino who opposed Anastasio Somoza in the 30’s and was finally killed by him.) Although the Government of the United States, specifically Ronald Regan, supported the “contrarevolución” (“contras”) to combat socialism in the continent, the Sandinistas took office and received the support of Cuba and many countries of the world to start their own socialist revolution. However, the economic, political, educational, and social instability lead to a civil war and the end of the “FSLN” Government. Elections were made and Violeta Chamorro, the widow of a former conservative journalist who opposed Somoza and was assassinated in 1978, became the new president of Nicaragua. In spite of the corruption discovered within the “FSLN” and in Daniel Ortega’s own life, he won the presidential elections in 2006 and is in office until now.
